TNR, fostering and adoption is a much more efficient way to take care of cats. In the past people created private sanctuaries. As cat populations fall and more cities become no-kill because of solid spay-neuter programs, hopefully all cats can live in private homes or be community cats if they are feral.
Here is research on feeding stations and full scale animal sanctuaries:
Full Scale Cat Sanctuaries:
• Alley Cat Allies Case Study: Why Sanctuaries Are Not The Answer For Feral Cats, Kathleen Harer of Space Coast Feline Network
• Cat House on the Kings, California
www.cathouseonthekings.com
• Tabby's Place,
New Jersey:
www.tabbysplace.org
• Richmond Animal Protection Society, British Columbia
www.rapsociety.com
• Shadow Cats Rescue,Austin Texas:
www.shadowcats.net
Exotic Cat Sanctuary Sites:
• American Sanctuary Association: www.asaanimalsanctuaries.org/.htm